French Roulette UK 2026 Play and Win

If you like your roulette with a bit of continental flair and a lower house edge, French roulette is the version to chase in 2026. It suits players who appreciate the finer rules of the game — particularly the la partage rule that softens the blow of a losing even-money bet. If you’d rather have the fast, no-frills simplicity of American roulette with its double zero, you’re probably in the wrong place. This guide is for the player who wants the best mathematical odds on the table and doesn’t mind learning one or two French terms along the way.

We’ll cover every variant you’ll find at UK-licensed sites, break down the house edges, explain the payouts and side bets, and give you a sensible approach to bankroll management. By the end, you won’t need another page on the subject.

Which Roulette Variants Can UK Players Actually Get?

UK players have a broad menu of roulette games, but the differences between them matter more than most casual players realise. The core distinction is the number of zeros on the wheel, which directly dictates the house edge. Here’s the full breakdown of what you’ll encounter.

European roulette is the standard single-zero game. One zero gives a house edge of 2.70%, and it’s the baseline against which all other variants are judged. Most live dealer studios and RNG games offer this as the default option, and it’s the safest choice for newcomers who want a straightforward experience.

French roulette uses the same single-zero wheel as European roulette, but the table layout is different — the numbers are red and black with the zero at the top, and the table is labelled in French. More importantly, it applies the la partage rule: when the ball lands on zero and you’ve placed an even-money bet (red/black, odd/even, high/low), you lose only half your stake rather than the whole thing. This halves the house edge on those bets to 1.35%, making it the most favourable roulette variant available to UK players. If you’re searching for french roulette uk options, this is the version to prioritise.

American roulette has both a single zero and a double zero, bringing the house edge up to 5.26%. There’s no compelling reason to play it when European and French versions are widely available, unless you specifically want the extra betting options like the five-number bet. For the mathematically minded, it’s the weakest choice on the floor.

Live roulette is streamed from a real studio with a human dealer spinning a physical wheel. You’ll find European, French and occasionally American tables, with the added benefit of seeing the action unfold in real time. The pace is slower than RNG, but the atmosphere is unmatched.

Auto roulette is a live-streamed game with a mechanical wheel and no human dealer. It spins faster than a live table because there’s no chat or dealer interaction, making it ideal for players who want the authenticity of a physical wheel without the wait.

For a deeper look at the live dealer experience across UK sites, our roulette guide covers the top studios and their streaming quality in detail.

Operator terms and table availability change regularly, so always check the current game list before you commit.

Table Limits, Side Bets and Payouts Explained

Roulette payouts follow a fixed structure regardless of the variant. A straight-up bet on a single number pays 35:1, a split bet across two numbers pays 17:1, and a street bet across three numbers pays 11:1. The corner bet on four numbers pays 8:1, the six-line bet pays 5:1, and the dozen and column bets pay 2:1. Even-money bets — red/black, odd/even, high/low — pay 1:1.

Table limits vary by operator and by table type. RNG games typically start at £0.10 or £0.20 per spin and go up to £500 or £1,000 per spin on the higher-stakes tables. Live dealer tables usually have higher minimums, often £1 to £5, with maximums that can reach £5,000 or more on premium tables. If you’re playing mobile roulette uk on the go, the limits are usually identical to the desktop version, though some operators cap the maximum stake on smaller screens for responsible gaming reasons.

Side bets in roulette are less common than in blackjack, but some live studios offer them. The most frequent is a “neighbour” bet, where you cover a number and the two numbers either side of it on the wheel. French roulette tables also offer “call bets” — announced wagers like Voisins du Zéro (neighbours of zero) and Tiers du Cylindre (thirds of the wheel). These cover a specific arc of the wheel and are placed by the dealer on your behalf. They’re a nice touch for traditionalists, though they don’t change the underlying house edge.

One important note on payouts: in French roulette, the en prison rule is sometimes used instead of la partage. With en prison, your even-money bet is held for the next spin rather than half-returned. Both rules produce the same 1.35% house edge, but la partage is quicker — you get your money back immediately rather than waiting for another spin.

Live vs RNG: Pace, Features and Streaming Quality

The choice between live dealer and RNG roulette comes down to what you value most. RNG tables are instant — you click spin and the result appears in seconds. There’s no waiting for a dealer to settle bets or spin the wheel, and you can play as fast as you like. The graphics are crisp, the interface is smooth, and you can easily check your bet history and statistics. It’s the best option for players who want to fit a few quick rounds into a lunch break or who prefer a no-nonsense experience.

Live roulette, on the other hand, offers something RNG can’t replicate: human interaction and the sight of a physical wheel spinning. The best studios stream in high definition with multiple camera angles, including a close-up of the wheel and a view of the dealer. You can chat with the dealer and other players, which adds a social element that many find essential. The trade-off is pace — a live spin takes around 30 to 60 seconds from betting window to result, so you’ll play far fewer rounds per hour.

For those who want the live wheel without the human pace, auto roulette sits neatly in the middle. The mechanical wheel spins at a consistent speed, and the betting window is shorter than a live table. You lose the dealer interaction, but you gain efficiency. The streaming quality is identical to live tables, with the same camera angles and high-definition feed.

All of this is available on mobile, and the experience is remarkably consistent across devices. If you’re planning to play from your phone, our guide to live roulette online covers the best streaming apps and their connection stability.

A Sensible Bankroll Approach for French Roulette

Let’s be clear: no betting system can overcome the house edge. The Martingale, the Fibonacci, the Labouchère — they all change the size and frequency of your bets, but they don’t change the maths. What a good bankroll approach can do is keep you playing longer and help you avoid chasing losses.

The first decision is whether to focus on even-money bets or inside bets. Even-money bets (red/black, odd/even, high/low) hit nearly half the time, and with la partage in play, the house edge drops to 1.35%. This is the most sustainable approach for a long session. You’ll win frequently in small increments, and the occasional zero will only cost you half your stake rather than the full amount.

Inside bets — straight-ups, splits and corners — pay much more but hit far less often. A straight-up bet on a single number has a 2.70% chance of landing in single-zero roulette, which means you can expect a win roughly once every 37 spins. The 35:1 payout is tempting, but you’ll need a larger bankroll to absorb the long losing streaks. A sensible split is to allocate around 70% of your session bankroll to even-money bets and 30% to inside bets, if you want a balance of frequency and excitement.

Set a session limit before you start, and stick to it. Decide how much you’re willing to lose, and when you hit that figure, walk away. The same applies to winnings — if you double your session bankroll, consider cashing out half and playing with the rest. This isn’t a winning system; it’s a way to keep the game entertaining without letting it hurt your finances. When you’re ready to explore the wider landscape, our guide to online gambling safety covers how to verify a site’s licence and check its responsible gaming tools.

For a step-by-step approach to setting up a session, follow this process: first, decide on your total budget and break it into manageable units; second, choose your bet mix; third, set clear exit points; and fourth, review your play honestly afterwards. The table below summarises the key actions.

Among the UK operators offering French roulette, 888 Casino and 32Red Casino both have strong live dealer line-ups with French tables available. MrQ casino is known for its RNG selection and straightforward no-fuss approach, while PricedUp casino and 666 Casino offer a wider range of limits for higher-stakes players. Casino Kings and Fabulous Bingo round out the list with solid mobile experiences. All of these operators hold UK Gambling Commission licences and display their licence numbers in their footers.

Quickfire Answers

When should I use the Martingale system on French roulette?

Never, if you want to protect your bankroll. The Martingale requires doubling your bet after every loss, which means a single losing streak can wipe out your session funds quickly. The la partage rule doesn’t help you here because it only applies to even-money bets that lose to zero, not to the rest of the table.

Why does the dealer matter in live French roulette?

In live dealer games, the dealer physically spins the wheel and settles your bets, so their professionalism directly affects the pace and fairness of the game. Reputable UK-licensed studios use independently audited wheels and random number generation to ensure the outcomes are fair, and the dealer has no influence over where the ball lands. You’re watching a real physical process, not a computer algorithm, which is why many players trust live tables more than RNG.

Can I play French roulette on my phone with the same rules?

Yes, the rules are identical across desktop and mobile. The la partage rule applies in exactly the same way, and the house edge remains 1.35% on even-money bets. The only difference is screen size — the table layout is scaled down to fit your display, and you may need to zoom in to see the call bets clearly on smaller screens.

Remember, all gambling is 18+ and should be treated as entertainment. If you feel your play is getting out of hand, GambleAware offers free, confidential support at BeGambleAware.org, and GAMSTOP (gamstop.co.uk) lets you self-exclude from all UK-licensed sites in one go. The UK Gambling Commission regulates all licensed operators, so always check for a valid licence number before you deposit.

French Roulette UK 2026 Play and Win

If you like your roulette with a bit of continental flair and a lower house edge, French roulette is the version to chase in 2026. It suits players who appreciate the finer rules of the game — particularly the la partage rule that softens the blow of a losing even-money bet. If you’d rather have the fast, no-frills simplicity of American roulette with its double zero, you’re probably in the wrong place. This guide is for the player who wants the best mathematical odds on the table and doesn’t mind learning one or two French terms along the way.

We’ll cover every variant you’ll find at UK-licensed sites, break down the house edges, explain the payouts and side bets, and give you a sensible approach to bankroll management. By the end, you won’t need another page on the subject.

Which Roulette Variants Can UK Players Actually Get?

UK players have a broad menu of roulette games, but the differences between them matter more than most casual players realise. The core distinction is the number of zeros on the wheel, which directly dictates the house edge. Here’s the full breakdown of what you’ll encounter.

European roulette is the standard single-zero game. One zero gives a house edge of 2.70%, and it’s the baseline against which all other variants are judged. Most live dealer studios and RNG games offer this as the default option, and it’s the safest choice for newcomers who want a straightforward experience.

French roulette uses the same single-zero wheel as European roulette, but the table layout is different — the numbers are red and black with the zero at the top, and the table is labelled in French. More importantly, it applies the la partage rule: when the ball lands on zero and you’ve placed an even-money bet (red/black, odd/even, high/low), you lose only half your stake rather than the whole thing. This halves the house edge on those bets to 1.35%, making it the most favourable roulette variant available to UK players. If you’re searching for french roulette uk options, this is the version to prioritise.

American roulette has both a single zero and a double zero, bringing the house edge up to 5.26%. There’s no compelling reason to play it when European and French versions are widely available, unless you specifically want the extra betting options like the five-number bet. For the mathematically minded, it’s the weakest choice on the floor.

Live roulette is streamed from a real studio with a human dealer spinning a physical wheel. You’ll find European, French and occasionally American tables, with the added benefit of seeing the action unfold in real time. The pace is slower than RNG, but the atmosphere is unmatched.

Auto roulette is a live-streamed game with a mechanical wheel and no human dealer. It spins faster than a live table because there’s no chat or dealer interaction, making it ideal for players who want the authenticity of a physical wheel without the wait.

For a deeper look at the live dealer experience across UK sites, our roulette guide covers the top studios and their streaming quality in detail.

Operator terms and table availability change regularly, so always check the current game list before you commit.

Table Limits, Side Bets and Payouts Explained

Roulette payouts follow a fixed structure regardless of the variant. A straight-up bet on a single number pays 35:1, a split bet across two numbers pays 17:1, and a street bet across three numbers pays 11:1. The corner bet on four numbers pays 8:1, the six-line bet pays 5:1, and the dozen and column bets pay 2:1. Even-money bets — red/black, odd/even, high/low — pay 1:1.

Table limits vary by operator and by table type. RNG games typically start at £0.10 or £0.20 per spin and go up to £500 or £1,000 per spin on the higher-stakes tables. Live dealer tables usually have higher minimums, often £1 to £5, with maximums that can reach £5,000 or more on premium tables. If you’re playing mobile roulette uk on the go, the limits are usually identical to the desktop version, though some operators cap the maximum stake on smaller screens for responsible gaming reasons.

Side bets in roulette are less common than in blackjack, but some live studios offer them. The most frequent is a “neighbour” bet, where you cover a number and the two numbers either side of it on the wheel. French roulette tables also offer “call bets” — announced wagers like Voisins du Zéro (neighbours of zero) and Tiers du Cylindre (thirds of the wheel). These cover a specific arc of the wheel and are placed by the dealer on your behalf. They’re a nice touch for traditionalists, though they don’t change the underlying house edge.

One important note on payouts: in French roulette, the en prison rule is sometimes used instead of la partage. With en prison, your even-money bet is held for the next spin rather than half-returned. Both rules produce the same 1.35% house edge, but la partage is quicker — you get your money back immediately rather than waiting for another spin.

Live vs RNG: Pace, Features and Streaming Quality

The choice between live dealer and RNG roulette comes down to what you value most. RNG tables are instant — you click spin and the result appears in seconds. There’s no waiting for a dealer to settle bets or spin the wheel, and you can play as fast as you like. The graphics are crisp, the interface is smooth, and you can easily check your bet history and statistics. It’s the best option for players who want to fit a few quick rounds into a lunch break or who prefer a no-nonsense experience.

Live roulette, on the other hand, offers something RNG can’t replicate: human interaction and the sight of a physical wheel spinning. The best studios stream in high definition with multiple camera angles, including a close-up of the wheel and a view of the dealer. You can chat with the dealer and other players, which adds a social element that many find essential. The trade-off is pace — a live spin takes around 30 to 60 seconds from betting window to result, so you’ll play far fewer rounds per hour.

For those who want the live wheel without the human pace, auto roulette sits neatly in the middle. The mechanical wheel spins at a consistent speed, and the betting window is shorter than a live table. You lose the dealer interaction, but you gain efficiency. The streaming quality is identical to live tables, with the same camera angles and high-definition feed.

All of this is available on mobile, and the experience is remarkably consistent across devices. If you’re planning to play from your phone, our guide to live roulette online covers the best streaming apps and their connection stability.

A Sensible Bankroll Approach for French Roulette

Let’s be clear: no betting system can overcome the house edge. The Martingale, the Fibonacci, the Labouchère — they all change the size and frequency of your bets, but they don’t change the maths. What a good bankroll approach can do is keep you playing longer and help you avoid chasing losses.

The first decision is whether to focus on even-money bets or inside bets. Even-money bets (red/black, odd/even, high/low) hit nearly half the time, and with la partage in play, the house edge drops to 1.35%. This is the most sustainable approach for a long session. You’ll win frequently in small increments, and the occasional zero will only cost you half your stake rather than the full amount.

Inside bets — straight-ups, splits and corners — pay much more but hit far less often. A straight-up bet on a single number has a 2.70% chance of landing in single-zero roulette, which means you can expect a win roughly once every 37 spins. The 35:1 payout is tempting, but you’ll need a larger bankroll to absorb the long losing streaks. A sensible split is to allocate around 70% of your session bankroll to even-money bets and 30% to inside bets, if you want a balance of frequency and excitement.

Set a session limit before you start, and stick to it. Decide how much you’re willing to lose, and when you hit that figure, walk away. The same applies to winnings — if you double your session bankroll, consider cashing out half and playing with the rest. This isn’t a winning system; it’s a way to keep the game entertaining without letting it hurt your finances. When you’re ready to explore the wider landscape, our guide to online gambling safety covers how to verify a site’s licence and check its responsible gaming tools.

For a step-by-step approach to setting up a session, follow this process: first, decide on your total budget and break it into manageable units; second, choose your bet mix; third, set clear exit points; and fourth, review your play honestly afterwards. The table below summarises the key actions.

Among the UK operators offering French roulette, 888 Casino and 32Red Casino both have strong live dealer line-ups with French tables available. MrQ casino is known for its RNG selection and straightforward no-fuss approach, while PricedUp casino and 666 Casino offer a wider range of limits for higher-stakes players. Casino Kings and Fabulous Bingo round out the list with solid mobile experiences. All of these operators hold UK Gambling Commission licences and display their licence numbers in their footers.

Quickfire Answers

When should I use the Martingale system on French roulette?

Never, if you want to protect your bankroll. The Martingale requires doubling your bet after every loss, which means a single losing streak can wipe out your session funds quickly. The la partage rule doesn’t help you here because it only applies to even-money bets that lose to zero, not to the rest of the table.

Why does the dealer matter in live French roulette?

In live dealer games, the dealer physically spins the wheel and settles your bets, so their professionalism directly affects the pace and fairness of the game. Reputable UK-licensed studios use independently audited wheels and random number generation to ensure the outcomes are fair, and the dealer has no influence over where the ball lands. You’re watching a real physical process, not a computer algorithm, which is why many players trust live tables more than RNG.

Can I play French roulette on my phone with the same rules?

Yes, the rules are identical across desktop and mobile. The la partage rule applies in exactly the same way, and the house edge remains 1.35% on even-money bets. The only difference is screen size — the table layout is scaled down to fit your display, and you may need to zoom in to see the call bets clearly on smaller screens.

Remember, all gambling is 18+ and should be treated as entertainment. If you feel your play is getting out of hand, GambleAware offers free, confidential support at BeGambleAware.org, and GAMSTOP (gamstop.co.uk) lets you self-exclude from all UK-licensed sites in one go. The UK Gambling Commission regulates all licensed operators, so always check for a valid licence number before you deposit.

French Roulette UK 2026 Play and Win

The most common support ticket at any online casino isn’t about a lost withdrawal or a frozen screen. It’s the player who has just watched the ball settle on 17 black, only to realise they backed the wrong dozen. The lesson isn’t about luck. It’s that roulette rewards players who understand the table before they spin. French roulette, with its La Partage rule and distinctive table layout, offers the best odds available to UK players in 2026 — provided you know exactly what you’re looking at. This guide covers the variants, the payouts, the live experience and how to pick an operator that won’t let you down.

French, European and American: What Actually Differs

Walk into any UKGC-licensed lobby and you’ll find three RNG versions of the classic game, plus a live dealer studio. The differences between them are small in appearance but significant in expectation. European roulette uses a single zero wheel, giving a house edge of 2.70%. American roulette adds a double zero, pushing the edge up to 5.26% — more than double. There is no reason to play American roulette when the European version sits next to it in the same lobby, unless you specifically enjoy the extra basket bet that only exists on the double-zero wheel.

French roulette uses the same single zero wheel as its European cousin but adds two player-friendly rules. La Partage returns half of any even-money bet (red/black, odd/even, high/low) when the ball lands on zero. En Prison instead leaves your even-money bet locked for the next spin. Most UK-facing operators offer La Partage, which brings the house edge down to 1.35% on those even-money wagers. That’s the headline figure that makes French roulette the smart choice for cautious players. For anyone searching for a french roulette uk table with the lowest possible edge, this rule is the single most important detail to verify before you spin.

Note that operator terms vary: some live tables apply La Partage only to specific bet types, and RNG versions may label the rule differently. Always glance at the game rules tab before your first spin. For a broader look at what’s available across the market, our roulette guide covers the full landscape.

Table Limits, Side Bets and Payout Structure Explained

The payout structure in French roulette is identical to European roulette. A straight-up number pays 35:1, a split pays 17:1, a street pays 11:1, a corner pays 8:1, and a six-line pays 5:1. The dozens and columns pay 2:1, while the even-money bets pay 1:1. The difference in French roulette is purely the layout: the table shows French labels (Passe for 19–36, Manque for 1–18, Noir and Rouge), and the call bets — Voisins du Zéro, Tiers du Cylindre and Orphelins — are marked directly on the cloth.

Table limits in 2026 vary widely by operator. Budget-friendly RNG tables typically open at £0.10 per spin with a £500 cap, while premium live tables start at £1 and stretch to £5,000 per spin for high rollers. The key distinction is the minimum for inside versus outside bets: some tables impose a higher minimum on the 35:1 straight-up bet, so check the corner of the screen before you place. Side bets, such as neighbour bets on the live wheel, are usually available from £0.50 and carry their own payout tables displayed on the interface.

A word on odds: the house edge isn’t a prediction of what you’ll lose per spin, but a mathematical average over thousands of spins. A £50 stake at a table with a 1.35% edge doesn’t mean you lose 68 pence on that spin — it means that over a very long session, the casino keeps roughly that proportion. Short-term variance will always dominate. That’s why bankroll management matters more than any single bet selection.

Live Versus RNG: Pace, Features and Streaming Quality

The RNG tables run at whatever speed you choose. You can spin every few seconds or take your time studying the history board. There’s no dealer waiting, no camera lag, and the game state is generated by a certified random number generator audited by the UKGC’s testing regime. For mobile roulette uk players on a train or a lunch break, RNG is the practical choice.

Live roulette online is a different beast entirely. A real croupier spins a physical wheel in a studio, and you watch via HD video stream. The pace is slower — typically 30 to 45 seconds between spins — but the experience is far more immersive. You can chat with the dealer, watch the wheel for physical bias (though modern wheels are precision-engineered to eliminate it), and enjoy the theatre of the game. Streaming quality in 2026 is excellent: most studios broadcast in 1080p with multiple camera angles, including a close-up of the wheel and a racetrack view for call bets.

Fairness in live games comes from the same principle as land-based casinos: the dealer spins, the ball drops, and the camera captures everything. There’s no software to rig because there’s no software generating the outcome. That said, always confirm the live table is streamed from a licensed studio and that the operator holds a UKGC licence. Our guide to live roulette online explains how to verify studio credentials before you deposit.

Bankroll Approach for Even-Money Versus Inside Bets

Let’s be clear: no betting system can overcome the house edge. The Martingale, the Fibonacci, the Labouchère — all of them simply rearrange your variance. What they can do is structure your session so you know exactly how much you’re prepared to lose before you start.

For even-money players, the sensible approach is a flat-bet strategy. Decide your unit — say £5 — and stake the same amount on red/black or odd/even for the entire session. With La Partage in play, a zero costs you only half your stake, so a £5 bet loses £2.50 instead of £5. Over a 50-spin session with a £250 bankroll, you’ll survive the inevitable losing streaks without chasing. The house edge works against you slowly, but the session lasts longer and the entertainment value is higher.

Inside bettors face a different challenge: a straight-up win pays 35:1, but the hit rate is just 2.7%. A £10 stake on a single number will usually vanish within a few spins. The disciplined approach here is to treat inside bets as a small percentage of your total bankroll — no more than 10% — and accept that most sessions will end in a loss. The appeal is the occasional large payout, not the frequency of wins. If you’re playing for the thrill of the 35:1 payoff, budget accordingly.

Whichever style you prefer, set a loss limit before you log in and stick to it. The moment you start chasing losses, the house edge compounds against you. For a deeper look at managing stakes on the move, our mobile roulette uk section covers session tools and deposit limits on smartphones.

Choosing an Operator: Table Range, Limits and Payout Speed

The operator you choose matters more than the specific table. A great French roulette game on a slow-paying site is a poor experience; a mediocre table on a fast-paying site is merely average. In 2026, the UK market is competitive, and the following operators all hold UKGC licences and offer genuine French roulette variants.

Payout speed is the metric most players overlook. In 2026, the best UK operators process withdrawal requests within 24 hours, with e-wallets often crediting within a few hours. Card withdrawals typically take 2–3 business days. Check the cashier page before you deposit: if an operator advertises “instant” withdrawals, they usually mean the request is approved instantly, not that the money arrives instantly. For a broader look at what makes an operator trustworthy, our online gambling safety guide covers licensing verification and dispute resolution.

One final point on table selection: the step-by-step process for finding your ideal game is simpler than most players think.

Remember that operator terms change. Bonus wagering requirements, typically ranging from 20x to 65x, are commercial decisions made by each site, not legal requirements. A £50 bonus at 35x wagering means you must wager £1,750 before withdrawing — that’s the arithmetic that matters. Always read the current terms before you accept any offer.

Gambling should always be entertainment, never a way to make money. All casino games are 18+ and carry a real risk of loss. If you feel your play is becoming a problem, GAMSTOP (gamstop.co.uk) offers free self-exclusion across all UKGC-licensed sites, and GambleAware provides free, confidential support and advice. Set your limits, play for the enjoyment of the spin, and walk away when the fun stops.

Your French Roulette Questions, Answered

When does La Partage actually apply?

Only to even-money bets — red/black, odd/even, and high/low (1–18 or 19–36). If the ball lands on zero, you receive half your stake back immediately rather than losing it all. Inside bets are not covered, so a straight-up number on zero loses in full.

Why do live dealer tables feel slower than RNG games?

Because a physical wheel needs time to spin and a dealer needs time to settle bets. Expect roughly 30–45 seconds between spins on a live table, compared to instant results on an RNG version. The slower pace is the price of authenticity, and many players find it more relaxing.

Can betting systems like the Martingale guarantee a win?

No. Every system simply rearranges the timing of your losses. The Martingale doubles your stake after each loss, which can exhaust your bankroll quickly when a losing streak appears — and streaks of five or six are common. The house edge remains mathematically unchanged regardless of your staking pattern.

Is it ever sensible to play American roulette?

Only if you specifically want the basket bet or the novelty of the double zero. The 5.26% house edge is nearly four times worse than French roulette’s 1.35% on even-money bets. For any serious player, the choice between the two is no choice at all.